Using a thread-safe dictionary in .NET C# Part 3: thread-safe modifications

In the previous post we looked at the 4 Try methods of ConcurrentDictionary that support CRUD operations: retrieval, deletion, update and insertion. We saw some basic examples for their usage and concluded that TryUpdate was not a very good solution to actually update an item due to race conditions.

This is where another method called AddOrUpdate enters the scene.

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Web API 2 security extensibility points part 4: custom authorisation filters

Introduction

In the previous post we built a custom HTTP message handler for our demo Web API 2 application. We saw how a registered message handler intercepts all calls to your API before authentication filters are executed. We also wrote a couple of examples where we checked for the presence of a custom header and of an authorisation header. We finally showed how to set the principal for the current HTTP call.

In this post we’ll see another way you can intercept the calls to your API. Authorisation filters are executed after authentication filters and before your controller action methods. That is the last stage where you can add your custom auth-related logic.

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Using a thread-safe dictionary in .NET C# Part 2: CRUD operations

In the previous post we briefly introduced the ConcurrentDictionary object. We said that it was the thread-safe counterpart of the standard Dictionary object. The Dictionary object is not suited as a shared resource in multi-threaded scenarios as you can never be sure if another thread has added to or removed an element from the dictionary just milliseconds earlier. A ConcurrentDictionary is a good option to cure the shortcomings of the thread-sensitive Dictionary object but it is also more difficult to use.

We’ll briefly look at the 4 Try methods that enable you to insert, remove, update and lookup elements in the ConcurrentDictionary.

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Using a thread-safe dictionary in .NET C# Part 1: introduction

In this post we saw how to use the thread-safe counterpart of the Queue object, i.e. the ConcurrentQueue of T. The standard Dictionary class also has a thread-safe counterpart and it’s called ConcurrentDictionary which resides int the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace.

The ConcurrentDictionary is definitely a dictionary type but it can mimic other collection types if you need a thread-safe collection that doesn’t have a built-in concurrent counterpart such as a List. ConcurrentDictionary is more difficult to use than a standard dictionary so its usage cannot really be summarised in a single short post. Therefore we’ll go through the basics in a mini-series instead.

It implements the IDictionary interface just like Dictionary but some methods are hidden:

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Web API 2 security extensibility points part 3: custom message handlers

Introduction

In the previous post we looked at how to implement your own custom authentication filter. Authentication filters – and filters of type IFilter in general – are executed just before your controller action methods are run. We saw how to implement the IAuthenticationFilter interface and how to apply the custom filter both as an attribute and as a global filter.

In this post we’ll look at HTTP message handlers and specifically how to add your own message handler. Message handlers are executed even before any custom filter so they provide an early entry point into the life cycle of a web application. There’s nothing stopping us from adding an initial security check or a full-blown login mechanism already at that stage. We can check e.g. if a mandatory custom header has been provided and reject all incoming HTTP calls that don’t fulfil this requirement up front.

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Python language basics 33: variable shadowing and the ‘global’ keyword

Introduction

In the previous post we looked at positional and keyword arguments in a function. We saw how positional arguments were matched up with the arguments in the function signature. We also discussed how keyword arguments could make your code cleaner by explicitly providing the argument names in a function call.

In this post we’ll look at how a variable declared within a function can overshadow another variable declared outside of it.

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Python language basics 32: positional and keyword arguments in a function

Introduction

In the previous post we discussed how to provide optional arguments to a function. We saw how easy it was to assign a default value to a function argument using the assignment operator ‘=’. The caller could optionally ignore those arguments so that the default ones would be used within the function body. Alternatively the caller could override the defaults and provide its own argument values.

In this post we’ll look at another feature related to function arguments: positional and keyword arguments.

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Implementing an enumerator for a custom object in .NET C#

You can create an enumerator for a custom type by implementing the generic IEnumerable of T interface. Normally you’d do that if you want to create a custom collection that others will be able to iterate over using foreach. However, there’s nothing stopping you from adding an enumerator to any custom type if you feel like it, it’s really simple.

Consider the following Guest class:

public class Guest
{
	public string Name { get; set; }
	public int Age { get; set; }
}

Guests can be invited to a Party:

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Web API 2 security extensibility points part 2: custom authentication filter

Introduction

In the previous post we introduced the topic and main goals of this series. We also set up a demo Web API 2 project which we’ll use throughout. We also briefly investigated the HTTP request context and how we could extract information about the current user of the HTTP request from it.

In this post we’ll see how to write your own custom authentication filter attribute. We’ll only look at a simple example to show how to access the request context from an authentication filter. Further down you’ll find a reference to a post on http://www.asp.net which takes up a much more detailed example.

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Using a thread-safe queue collection in .NET

We looked at the Queue collection type in .NET in this post. We saw how it could be used as a first-in-first-out collection. A new element is placed at the end of the queue and the first element to be removed from it is the one in front of the queue.

A Queue is an ideal container for tasks. Let’s create a class called WorkTask to represent tasks. I didn’t want to call this object a “Task” so that it is not confused with the Task object in the Task Parallel Library (TPL). If you don’t know what TPL means then take a look at the post referenced at the end of this article.

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